The pensioners usually suffer with increased blood pressure (blood pressure) or high blood pressure, although the disease has recently become more and more common in young people.At the same time, people often do not suspect a serious problem, many write headaches due to inferior sleep or bad weather.The lack of treatment of high pressure can lead to the development of stroke and heart attack.For the timely proof of the disease, it is therefore necessary to examine the main causes of high blood pressure in detail.
What is high blood pressure?
The arterial hypertension (high blood pressure), high blood pressure or high blood pressure is a serious chronic disease that is characterized by a continued increase in blood pressure (while the indicators for the systolic upper pressure higher than 140 mm HG and diastolic lower pressure above 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the heart cycle system.An increase in blood pressure in the vessels occurs due to the narrowing of the arteries and their small branches.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, the elasticity of the vessels.If the hypothalamus receptors are irritated in larger quantities, renin-angiotensin-balance hormones that cause cramps of microsagnates and arteries that thicken the walls, an increase in blood viscosity is generated.This leads to an arterial hypertension, which finally becomes irreversible and stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Essential (primary).There are 95% of the cases of high blood pressure.The reason for the appearance of this form is the entirety of different factors (inheritance, poor ecology, obesity).
- Secondary.Makes 5% of the cases of high blood pressure.The high blood pressure in this form causes disorders in the body (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial stage of the disease or its hidden course can be assumed if a person is observed:
- Storage deterioration;
- Headache;
- unmotivated feeling of fear;
- Chilliness;
- Hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);
- small spots in front of the eyes;
- Deafness of the fingers;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the front area;
- Heart heartbeat;
- Irritability;
- low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
The causes of high blood pressure
With the normal function of the body, the heart drives blood through all vessels and delivers nutrients and oxygen in cells.When arteries lose their elasticity or constipation, the heart begins to work more, the sound of blood vessels increases and its diameter narrows, which leads to high pressure.The beginning of high blood pressure is due to disorders of the autonomous and central nervous system that are closely connected to emotions.When a person is nervous, she often begins to increase the pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol shots overlap the normal blood flow.In this case, the upper pressure in the patient can increase to 170 mm HG.Art. And the soil remains less than 90 mm ed. Art.In addition, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- Violation of blood flow to all important organs;
- Psycho -emotional overpressure;
- Spasia of the muscles of the cervical vertebrae;
- genetic pathology;
- Reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- Hypokinesia (sitting lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Diseases of the inner organs (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- Bad habits.
In men
The appearance of high blood pressure is usually subject to men between the ages of 35 and 50.The high blood pressure is diagnosed in patients who already have a stable form of the disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.The causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humanity are often provoked by their work.The disease concerns people whose activities are associated with strong physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from the disease, for which every mistake is always a strong stress.Other causes of high blood pressure in men:
- Smoking, alcohol abuse;
- sitting lifestyle;
- Non -compliance with nutritional rules (fast food, sweets);
- Kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- Take drugs (medication from colds, colds, sleeping pills or hormonal medication);
- Neglect physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
The symptoms of manifestations of arterial hypertension in women and men are not very different (shortness of breath, headache, ears in the ears, dizziness), but the weaker gender occurs much more often.The causes of high blood pressure in women can be similar in men, and this is due to hormones.There are even forms of the disease that are not characteristic of strong gender at all - this is high blood pressure with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, high blood pressure is diagnosed in women during menopause (after 45 - 50 years).At that time, the body is subjected to significant changes: the number of estrogens produced begins to move.In addition, the causes of high blood pressure in women can be as follows:
- Reception of contraceptives;
- Stress, overload;
- Inadequate amount of potassium in the body;
- Hypodynamy (sitting lifestyle);
- excess body weight;
- bad nutrition;
- Birth;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- Diabetes mellitus;
- Cholesterol metabolism;
- Pathology of the kidneys, adrenal glands;
- Vascular diseases;
- Obstructive Apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
At a young age
Hypertonic diseases are rarely observed in humans under the age of 25.A increase in blood pressure at a young age is often associated with neurocirculatory dystonia (a complex of diseases of the heart cycle system) if only the upper pressure indicators change.The cause of these violations in children can be a great burden during school lessons.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in the child is a result of the pathology of the endocrine system, i.H. The children's high blood pressure is usually secondary.The development of arterial hypertension can have other causes at a young age:
- Inheritance factor;
- Excessive food, the use of a large amount of salt;
- Weather conditions;
- Diseases of the spine.
- Electromagnetic sound radiation;
- nervous overload;
- Kidney pathologies;
- Acceptance of drugs that influence the state of blood pressure;
- Obesity;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Non -compliance with the sleep regime.
The reasons for the development of high blood pressure
The occurrence of high blood pressure in 90 % of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, aching heart, etc.).The remaining 10% relate to symptomatic hypertension, i.H. Hyperture is a sign of another disease (kidney inflammation, adjacent tumors, narrowing of the renal arteries), hormonal failure, diabetes, traumatic brain injury and stress.Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure are classified according to two indicators:
- Unmounted.The reasons from which a person cannot influence.This includes:
- Inheritance.Arterial hypertension is regarded as disease transferred by genes.If the family had high blood pressure patients, there is the possibility that the disease will appear in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Men in middle age are more susceptible to diseases than the fairer gender.This is explained by the fact that a woman's body produces more sex hormones in the period of 20 to 50 years that perform a protective function.
- Changed.Factors depend on a person, their lifestyle and their decisions:
- sitting lifestyle;
- Obesity;
- Stress;
- bad habits;
- Insomnia;
- the use of a large amount of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- Take medication;
- Weightlifting;
- Weather fluctuations.
Inheritance
One of the factors of the predisposition to arterial hypertension is inheritance.These can be anatomical features that are transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of blood flow, which influences the increase in blood pressure.The presence of high blood pressure in the relatives of the first connection (mother, father, grandparents, local brothers or sisters) means a high probability of developing the disease.The risk of the occurrence of the disease increases if several relatives have been observed immediately.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only one predisposition, this can be attributed to neuropsychic reactions and metropolitan traits (carbohydrates, fats).The implementation of a tendency towards inheritance pathology is often due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, undesirable climatic factors.
Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these symptoms, the gaps of the aorta are partially narrowed - this means that the pressure increases.Vascular defects in knot polyarthritis also contribute to the growth of blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plaques narrows the lumen of blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal bloodstream.The heart begins to work in increased mode and creates increased pressure.Diseases that can provoke high blood pressure:
- Kidney inflammation;
- Pathologies of the lymphatic system and the liver;
- cervical osteochondrosis;
- Violation of the pancreas and the thyroid gland;
- Sclerosis of the arteries;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- Support tumor;
- traumatic brain injuries;
- Narrowing of the renal arteries.
Hormonic changes
Violations of the endocrine organs (thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are often caused of high pressure.These pathological processes slow down the production of sex hormones and their effect on the brain of the lower appendix, especially for women during menopause.The following diseases are serious causes of increased blood pressure, which contributes to the excessive synthesis of hormones:
- Kushing syndrome;
- Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in the functions of the thyroid gland;
- Neoplasms on the adrenal glands;
- Acromegaly (impaired function of the front pituitary);
- Feochromocytom (hormonal active tumor);
- Kon syndrome.
Old
Hypertension is usually observed more often in older people.This is due to the fact that arteries lose their elasticity over time and this has a major impact on pressure.In addition, after 40 years of metabolic processes, people slow down against the background of the consumption of a large amount of food with high veal and an incorrect setting to food, obesity and then high blood pressure.
Nowadays, such a cause of the disease has experienced as old changes.The disease is noticeably young, about 10% of young people are subject to pathology, and when they grow up, the percentage only increases.Every third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.In fact, the lifestyle changes in addition to the natural decline in resistance of the body with the age of inheritance.
Life
Another cause of arterial hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sport have an advantageous influence on blood circulation and the body as a whole, but not many people decide to keep an active lifestyle in order to protect themselves from the development of high blood pressure.The lack of physical exercises causes obesity and obesity and increased blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common illness of our time when a person moves little, and this leads to a violation of the work of blood vessels.Unexpected nutrition, bad habits, improper lifestyle produce high blood pressure, since the weakening of the muscle tissue and the spine reduces the sound of blood vessels that are necessary for good blood circulation.Working on the computer also increases the risk of illness.
Nutrition
The next factor that contributes to the occurrence of high blood pressure is a poor diet.Salt, sweet, fried, acute, smoked and greasy food often provokes an unplanned increase in pressure.To remove excess sodium from the body, the kidneys need a certain time.Until the moment this does not happen, the salt surplus keeps water that provokes swelling in people who suffer from high blood pressure.
The lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relax blood vessels and the body - free of sodium.There is a lot of potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, plums, melons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to refuse fat, fat meat and smoked meat because they are accompanied by excess weight and often with high pressure.In addition, such foods are harmful to the body:
- Butter;
- Provisions;
- Offal;
- Fat sour cream, cream;
- sharp spices;
- Flour products;
- Tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet soda drinks.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and the hangover caused by this hangover has a negative impact on the state of health.Regular and excessive alcohol consumption can improve the heartbeat, increase blood pressure greatly and cause a heart attack.Smoking does not affect pressure either.Nicotine contributes to the increase in the pulse, to the fast wear of the heart, which leads to the development of coronary diseases and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative impact on the entire organism.When smoking and alcohol, the expansion drink first and then a strong reduction in blood vessels, which is why your cramp is generated and the bloodstream deteriorates.Hence the increase in blood pressure.In addition, chemicals that are part of cigarettes can violate the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, and form plaques that clog arteries.
Overweight
A common cause of high blood pressure is obesity and excess body weight.Excess weight occurs due to a seated lifestyle, metabolic disorders, plenty of meals with a high content of fats, carbohydrates and salt.Open people are always at risk because their high blood pressure increases with the cargo of the ships and the heart.
In addition, obesity increases blood cholesterol, which can cause the appearance of diabetes.Patients suffer more than three times more often than people with a normal body weight.A person with obesity is more susceptible to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor for the occurrence of high blood pressure.A weight loss even reduces blood pressure by 5 kg and improves blood sugar.
ecology
Many people react painfully to the weather, i.H. They are dependent on the weather.Even a completely healthy person who is rarely in the fresh air and leads a sitting lifestyle can be sensitive to changing the weather.As a rule, Meteocrisis occurs in people with high blood pressure under unusual climatic and scenic conditions.You prepare a street kit before traveling.
The city's poor ecology also seriously increases blood pressure, harms the heart cycle system and develops high blood pressure.Even the short effect of harmful substances that a person breathes in every day can provoke the development of high blood pressure.Three common pollutants of all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - have a negative impact on blood pressure and vascular function.
stress
The most common cause of tightening high blood pressure is nervousemotional stem (stress, nerve breakdown, excessive emotionality).All negative, not explained and depressed emotions are dangerous for human health.A long experience with stress is constant stress that takes advantage of blood vessels and the heart is faster than it would happen in a quiet atmosphere.A consequence of a nerve breakdown is often an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress in combination with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful because such a combination increases blood pressure significantly.
As a rule, the pressure increases in a person with high blood pressure and remains longer even with slight emotional stress.Gradually, with repetitions of blood pressure, which can take many months, the apparatus responsible for regulating blood pressure is used to the load, and blood pressure is slowly fixed at a certain level.